Means the distinction between production processes. The implementation of the principle of specialization consists of assigning a specific list of parts, operations or actions to each workplace/department. The opposite of this is the principle of universalization, in which one worker/department is able to carry out a number of processes to obtain the final product. In this case, a wide range of goods are manufactured and various operations are performed within one production area.
There is a special indicator – the coefficient of consolidation of operations Kz.o., which reflects the level of specialization of workplaces. It is characterized by the number of different actions that are performed in one place for a limited period of time.
If Kz.o. = 1, then during a period (month, quarter, year) only one production operation is performed at the place of work, that is, the specialization of workplaces is narrow.
Principles of organizing production activities
The principle of proportionality
It is based on the patterns nurse database of combination of elements of the production process, which can be quantitatively expressed by the relationship with each other. For example, proportionality in production capacity means the equality of the loading factors of units/types of equipment or the capacities of different sections.
In simple terms, the capacity of the preparatory workshops corresponds to the needs of the processing workshops, and their output allows for the full implementation of the final processes. In order to comply with the principle of proportionality, it is necessary to maintain a balance between the workshops in terms of the number of workers, equipment and area used so that all parts of the enterprise can work effectively and without interruption. We should not forget about the interaction between the main and auxiliary units. It is necessary to organize the development of production activities in such a way as to obtain maximum returns.
Violation of the principle of proportionality leads to the emergence of disproportion in labor processes. The efficiency of using labor and equipment decreases, the production cycle time increases. The entire enterprise as a whole decreases turnover and becomes less profitable.
The principle of rhythm
It is based on the fact that all operations occurring at the enterprise, including the general process of obtaining a finished product from raw materials, are repeated with a certain cyclicity.
There are different types of rhythm applicable to all productions. Rhythm of work is the execution of actions identical in composition and quantity within the established timing. Rhythm of output is the output of equal quantities of products within the same time periods. Rhythm of production unites both of these concepts and means their correct interaction.
The principle of rhythm
The principle of continuity
It exists in such organizations, the entire production process of which is continuous. At the same time, all objects of labor must constantly move from operation to another, until the final product is obtained. The principle is fully implemented on continuous-flow and automatic lines that manufacture or assemble products with operations that take the same amount of time.
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